The rapid development of information technology and the intensification of digital activity have fundamentally reshaped how individuals interact, transact, and manage personal data. Amid widespread internet usage, protecting personal data has become a critical...
Indonesia continues to experience steady population growth alongside increasing urban density. Data published by the Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik - BPS) recorded a national population of approximately 287.6 million people as of September 2025. This...
Over the past decade, rapid developments in financial technology have pushed the banking sector and the digital lending industry into a new era defined by innovation and increasingly complex risk. Digital transformation, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), mobile...
The global transition toward renewable energy has positioned the ASEAN region as a focal point for international investors. With a population exceeding 700 million and sustained economic growth, ASEAN’s energy demand continues to rise. At the same time, the collective...
Advances in biotechnology have become a defining feature of modern healthcare. Products such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and molecularly engineered vaccines are now central to global efforts to treat diseases that were previously difficult or impossible to...
Indonesia’s forest‐product export regime is governed by stringent legality and sustainability standards. Exporters, particularly in the timber sector, must comply with detailed documentation, verification, and customs procedures. This article provides corporate...
Indonesia has officially reduced the minimum capital requirement for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) through the Minister of Investment and Downstreaming/Head of the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board Regulation No. 5/2025. The policy significantly lowers the...
Advances in information technology have reshaped how medical services are delivered. Patients can now consult doctors remotely using online health platforms connected through the internet. This model benefits both parties by offering convenience, faster access to...
The global shift toward clean energy has become a central pillar of climate policy worldwide. For Indonesia, a fast-growing economy with rising energy demand and significant infrastructure needs. Success in the energy transition depends not only on domestic policy,...
As part of Indonesia’s post-pandemic economic recovery and its effort to expand employment in labour-intensive sectors, the Government of Indonesia has introduced a fiscal policy in the form of income-tax incentives for eligible workers throughout 2025. On 28 October...